Here we tested the hypothesis that rhythmic arm movement similarly modulates H-reflex amplitude in both the ankle flexors and extensors by observing
responses in the SOL and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. SOL and TA H-reflex recruitment curves were recorded bilaterally during Control and 1 Hz arm cycling conditions. Our results showed significant suppression in H-reflex amplitude (H(max)) in the SOL Muscle in both the dominant and non-dominant legs during arm movement. However, results also revealed all unpredicted bidirectional (i.e. either suppression or facilitation) modulation of TA reflex amplitude that was not present in the SOL Muscle. These findings Suggest a differential regulation of ankle flexor and extensor H-reflex responses during selleck chemical rhythmic arm movement. This may be the result of differences in CPG Output to the flexors and extensors during rhythmic movement, as well as increased involvement of cortical drive to the flexors relative to the extensors during rhythmic movement. These findings may be pertinent Amino acid transporter to future investigation of rehabilitative therapies that involve facilitative modulation of ankle flexor motor
responses. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) is a useful tool for Studying the functional aspects of the spinal cord without anesthesia and/or damage to the body. H-reflex studies are Silmitasertib mouse performed mainly in the hindlimbs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of the H-reflex in the forelimbs and hindlimbs in rats anesthetized with ketamine-HCl. H- and M-waves
were recorded from the interosseous Muscles after electrical stimulation of the it. lateral plantar of the hindlimb and it. medialis of the forelimb. Hmax/Mmax values were significantly smaller in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. Furthermore, paired-pulse attenuation tended to be stronger in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. These findings suggest that control by descending and/or propriospinal pathways is stronger in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs in rats. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Parameters related to the microbial digestion of nutrients in the ruminoreticulum have been estimated by fitting mathematical models to degradation profiles generated from kinetic studies. In the present paper, we propose a generalized compartmental model of digestion (GCMD) based on implicit theoretical concepts and the gamma probability density function to estimate fibre digestion parameters. The proposed model is consistent to a broader compartmental model presented in a companion paper that integrates aspects of fibre digestion and passage. Different versions of the GCMD were generated by increasing the integer order of time dependency of the gamma function.