In patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC, which is the majority of patients with HCC in Asia, a high viral load is a strong risk factor for HCC recurrence. It is logical to believe that antiviral therapy may improve the postoperative outcome by promoting viral clearance and hepatocyte regeneration,

as well as improving residual liver volume in HCC patients with hepatitis B. However, the effect of antiviral therapy on clinical outcomes after liver resection in patients with HBV-related HCC remains to be established. There are two main groups of antiviral treatment for HBV-oral nucleos(t)ide analogues and interferon. Interferon treatment reduces the overall incidence of HBV-related HCC in sustained signaling pathway responders. However, side

effects may limit its long-term clinical application. AZD1152 Cell Cycle inhibitor Nucleos(t)ide analogues carry fewer side effects and are potent in terms of viral suppression when compared to interferon and are typically implemented for patients with more advanced liver diseases. They may also improve the outcome after curative resection for HBV-related HCC. There are increasing evidence to suggest that antiviral therapy could suppress HBV, decrease the perioperative reactivation of viral replication, reduce liver injury, preserve the liver function before and after operation, and may lower the risk of HCC recurrence. After

all, antiviral therapy may improve the survival after liver resection by reducing recurrence and delaying the liver damage by the virus, resulting in a higher chance of receiving aggressive salvage therapy during HCC recurrence. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives We assessed the effect of administration time for fasudil treatment of the stunned myocardium in 40 anesthetized open chest swine.\n\nMaterials and methods All swine were subjected to 12 min ischemia followed by reperfusion to generate stunned myocardium. Group A (n=11) received saline in place of fasudil both before ischemia and after reperfusion. Group B (n=10) received 30 min intravenous fasudil at a rate of 13 mu g/kg/min starting 45 min before ischemia and received saline after reperfusion. Groups buy DZNeP C (n=10) and D (n=9) received saline before ischemia, and received fasudil at a rate of 13 mu g kg(-1)min(-1) starting just before reperfusion in group C and 30 min after reperfusion in group D. In both groups, treatment lasted 30 min. Myocardial contractility was assessed by percent segment shortening (% SS).\n\nResults and discussion Three swine in group A, 2 swine in each of groups B and C, and one swine in group D had ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia after reperfusion and were excluded from further analysis.