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“OBJECTIVES: To understand the endogenous process of wound healing after anal sphincter injury and to determine possible mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their regenerative potential.
METHODS: Virginal female rats (n=204) underwent
anal sphincter laceration and repair. Thereafter, animals were randomly assigned to control injection, injection with intravenous MSCs, or direct injection of MSCs into the injured sphincter. Twenty uninjured this website animals served as baseline controls. Sphincters were analyzed for contractile function and parameters of wound healing 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, and 21 days after injury.
RESULTS: Direct injection of MSCs into the injured anal sphincter resulted in improved contractile function 21 days after injury compared with controls. Although
expression of both proinflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated gene-6) genes were increased dramatically and transiently after injury, MSCs did not alter this response. In contrast, transforming growth factor (TFG)-beta 1 (an important mediator of matrix deposition by mesenchymal cells) and lysyl oxidase (an enzyme important for synthesis of collagen and elastin) expression increased dramatically at earlier time points in the direct MSC injection MLN8237 group compared with controls.Increased expression of TFG-beta 1 and lysyl oxidase in directly injected sphincters was associated with increased collagen deposition and engraftment of MSCs in the sphincter.
CONCLUSION: In this preclinical animal model, direct, but not intravenous, injection of MSCs into the injured anal sphincter at the time of repair resulted in improved contractile function of the sphincter after injury, increased matrix deposition in Selleckchem IBET762 the external anal sphincter, and increased expression of TFG-beta 1 and lysyl oxidase in the acute phase after injury. (Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:134-44) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182397009″
“Enterococcus durans E204 is a bacteriocin-like
inhibitory substance (BLIS)-producing strain. It was isolated from camel’s milk in Morocco. Enterococcus durans shows interesting features such as the susceptibility to vancomycin and other clinically relevant antibiotics. In this study, we have shown that E. durans lacks haemolytic activity. Its performance as a protective culture was evaluated against Listeria monocytogenses CECT 4032 in goat jben, a Moroccan traditional fresh cheese. Ten liters of goats’ milk, originating from one farm in M’diq (northern Morocco), were pasteurised and used to make 12 small cheeses. Enterococcus durans E204 at approximately 10(6) CFU/ml was added in the preparation of six jben samples and six others were made without E. durans.