The ingestion of less than 1 kg for As and 1.5 kg for Pb of cockles would result in exceeding the PTWI threshold (0.015 and 0.025 mg kg(-1) week(-1) respectively) in any of the areas considered in the study. Cd and Al also appear to be limiting elements for human consumption. Indeed, consumption of more than 3.1 kg and 2.1 kg of whole cockle soft part from one of the study
areas during a single week would lead to exceedance of the recommended PTWI value for Cd (0.007 mg kg(-1) week(-1)) and Al (7 mg kg(-1) week(-1)) respectively. The health concerns to humans from cockle consumption from Aveiro estuary are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier HM781-36B supplier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A series of novel 10-substituted camptothecin analogs (3-10) with a carbamate linker were synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated. The amino acid-linked carbamate derivatives (8-10) of the camptothecin-type natural product not only possessed good to excellent inhibitory activity against three human tumor cell lines K562,
HepG2, and HT-29, but also showed significantly less cytotoxicity against normal human cell HEK293 (half maximal inhibiting concentration >10M). The selectivity of compound Sapitinib nmr 9 toward tumor cells relative to normal cells is at least 250 times better than that of camptothecin. The preliminary testing result indicated that the solubility of these compounds was also improved compared to that of 10-hydroxy camptothecin.”
“Objective-To evaluate use of kinetic gait analysis for detection, quantification, and differentiation of hind
limb lameness and spinal ataxia in horses.
Design-Prospective clinical study.
Animals-36 horses.
Procedures-Kinetic gait analysis with a force plate was performed for 12 clinically normal horses, 12 horses with hind limb lameness, and 12 horses with spinal ataxia. Kinetic variables were compared among groups, correlated to subjective grading, and used to build predictive models to assess the accuracy of discrimination.
Results-Subsets of kinetic variables were characteristically altered in ataxic and lame gaits. Ataxic horses had significantly increased lateral force peak and variation in vertical force peaks in both hind limbs. Lame horses had significantly decreased vertical force peak and increased variation in vertical force peaks only in the lame hind limb. These variables were used to differentiate between spinal ataxia and hind Luminespib manufacturer limb lameness with excellent accuracy. There were significant correlations between a subset of kinetic variables and subjective lameness and neurologic grades.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Kinetic gait variables, specifically lateral force peak and the variation in vertical force, can be used to support the differential diagnosis between spinal ataxia and hind limb lameness in horses. Kinetic gait analysis may also be applied for quantification of equine hind limb gait abnormalities as well as confirming lack of lameness and ataxia in soundness examinations.