cholerae strains helps to establish a new valuable database of genetic information about isolates, which is of great importance for epidemiologic studies in Iran and other countries encountering cholera epidemics.”
“This study examined the relationship between head and trunk sway and between pelvis and leg sway during quiet stance
in subjects with long-standing bilateral peripheral vestibular loss (BVLs) comparing these relationships to those of age-matched healthy controls (HCs). All subjects performed three different stance tasks: standing quietly on a firm or foam support surface, with eyes closed (ECF or eyes closed on normal) and on foam with eyes open. Data were recorded with four pairs of body-worn gyroscopes to measure roll and pitch angular velocities at the head, upper trunk, pelvis and lower-leg. These velocities were spectrally analysed and VX-661 concentration integrated for angle correlation analysis in three frequency bands: below 0.7 Hz (low pass, LP), above 3 Hz (high pass, HP) and in between (band pass, BP). For both groups head motion was greater than trunk and pelvis motion except for BVL subjects (BVLs) under ECF conditions. BVLs had greater motion than
HCs at all measurement locations for ECF conditions. Angle correlation analysis indicated that the head was almost “”locked”" to the trunk for BVLs over the LP and BP frequency bands. Head movements for both groups were relatively independent of the trunk in the HP band. Power spectral density ratios, and transfer this website functions showed a similar result head relative to trunk movements were less up to 3 Hz in all tests for BVLs. The resonant frequency of head-on-trunk motion was shifted to a higher frequency for BVLs: from 3.2 to 4.3 Hz in pitch, 4.6 to 5.4 Hz in roll. Both groups show greater lower-leg than pelvis motion. These data indicate that during quiet stance BVLs change the characteristics of their head on shoulder motion, reducing relative motion of the head below 3 Hz and increasing head resonant frequency.
Presumably these changes are accomplished with increased use of proprioceptive neck reflexes. (C) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aims: To engineer Streptomyces tenebrarius GSK126 for producing carbamoyl tobramycin as a main component. Methods and Results: The aprH-M gene fragment (apramycin biosynthetic gene from GenBank) in S.tenebrarius Tt49 was knocked out by genetic engineering to form S.tenebrarius T106 (?aprH-M). Compared to the wild-type strain, mutant strain T106 (?aprH-M) no longer produced apramycin, while mainly synthesize carbamoyl tobramycin. TLC and HPLC-MS analyses indicated that the mutant strain significantly increased the production of carbamoyl tobramycin. Conclusions: The metabolic flow for the apramycin and its analogues biosynthesis was blocked by disrupting the aprH-M gene clusters. The aprH-M gene clusters might be essential for the biosynthesis of apramycin. The mutant strain T106 mainly synthesized carbamoyl tobramycin.