With increasing donor and recipient age the risk of post-transplant malignancy including genitourinary cancers is increasing. Thus, urologists have an increasing likelihood of treating these cases. We report our experience with the management of urological de novo malignancies after renal transplantation.
Materials www.selleckchem.com/products/gs-9973.html and Methods: Urological de novo malignancies developed in 29
of 802 patients after renal transplantation between 1988 and 2009. Data were analyzed for tumor incidence, treatment, followup and possible factors contributing to tumor development.
Results: Patients had renal cell carcinoma (12 at a median of 46.5 months after renal transplantation), transitional cell carcinoma (6 bladder cases at 35 months, 2 renal pelvis cases at 37.5 months), carcinoma of the prostate (7 at 69 months) and seminoma (2 at 41.5 Mocetinostat molecular weight months). No treatment related graft losses occurred. Of 3 cases of renal cell carcinoma developing in the graft 2 were treated with nephron sparing surgery.
Conclusions: Urological post-transplant malignancies are an increasing problem for urologists.
Regular surveillance after renal transplantation is mandatory to detect early occurrence of de novo malignancies and standard urological treatment principles can be applied. Nonfunctioning native kidneys with suspicious lesions should be removed early. Radical pelvic surgery after renal transplantation and nephron sparing procedures in the graft can be a challenge even for the experienced urologist, and require surgical versatility.”
“Nitric oxide (NO) GDC-0973 chemical structure is an important messenger in the central nervous system to mediate male copulatory behavior. EGb 761, a standardized extract of Gingko biloba, has been reported to facilitate male copulation in rats. The present study is to determine the effects of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) on copulation in male rats following EGb 761 treatment. Adult male rats were treated with 50 mg/kg of EGb 761
or distilled water by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed approximately 14h after the last behavioral test and MPOA brain tissues were collected for nNOS immunohistochemistry. EGb 761 treatment for 14 days significantly increased the intromission frequency compared to the vehicle-treated controls on day 14. An increase in ejaculation frequency was also seen in the EGb 761-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated controls on day 14 and to the same group on day 0. However, EGb 761 treatment did not influence the number of nNOS-immunoreactive cells in the MPOA. These results suggest that enhanced male copulatory performance in sexually experienced rats administered EGb 761 may not be related to central nNOS activity in the MPOA. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Metastasectomy is often incorporated in overall treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.